Kalkar phase which means ‘what do you do to support the Kalkars?’ The phrase is meaningless because there is no prosperity. [MMa]

Military rank of the Air Corps. Julian 3rd rank at the start of The Moon Maid. [MMa]

Branch of the military that Julian 3rd was a part of during the Great War. [MMa]

Naval training school for pilots. Julian 3rd and 5th graduated from there as well as all of the crew members of The Barsoom. [MMa]

The day of cessation of hostilities (with reference to WWI. After 1954 it became "Veteran’s Day") [MMa]

Northern section of the Earth’s surface above arctic circle to the North Pole where ERB is polar bear hunting at the beginning of The Moon Men. [MMa]

An ocean of North America, Asia, and the Arctic Circle; where ERB floats marooned on an ice flow before being rescued by Captain Drake at the beginning of The Moon Men. [MMa]

The name of the planet Mars used by it’s inhabitants. (Mars is also called Barsoom in all eleven John Carter of Mars books.) [MMa]

Rocket ship, created in Part I of The Moon Maid, to attempt to fly to Mars. It was made to carry a crew of five and supplies for fifteen years. It cruised at twelve thousand miles an hour. It was sabotaged by Orthis and was forced to land in the moon. [MMa]

8th Ray, which supplies buoyancy to aircraft instead of momentum for propulsion. The knowledge of the ray is freely given to Earth by the Barsoomians which makes interplanetary travel possible. This knowledge helps Lt. Com. Orthis isolate the Eighth Ray of the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter. (The Eighth Ray is also mentioned throughout the John Carter books.) [MMa]

Body of water so called by the slaves (q.v.); It is a landmark along the route of the Exodus of the desert clans of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th, in their final attempt to push the Kalkar invaders into the sea... in the Spring of 2430 A.D. [MMa]

Beautiful daughter of the true Or-tis (q.v.). The Red Hawk, Julian 20th, falls in love with her; they marry thereby ending the 500 year old family feud. [MMa]

Meeting room aboard the transoceanic liner Harding where ERB meets Julian 3rd. [MMa]

Volcano on the surface of the moon mentioned by Julian 5th when The Barsoom passes close to the surface; named after Jean Charles Borda, French Major-General and astronomer (1704-1747), who contributed to the nomenclature of lunar volcanoes. [MMa]

Common term used by the Kalkars; i.e.., Brother Or-tis; used in the sense that ‘all men are brothers’ which translates as ‘good citizens and loyal to the Jemadar.’ (probably meant to be satirical of the Russian communist using the word ‘comrade’ before a surname.) [MMa]

Term of address by Commander Or-tis as applied to Julian 9th during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. (Compare Aldous Huxley’s 1932 novel, Brave New World.) [MMa]

Ancient American battle in which Julian 8th ancestors fought bravely. He recalls this as he is frustrated over his own submission to the Kalkar rule. [MMa]

The author appears frequently as a character, or as narrator in the prologues and opening chapter of many of his books. Examples: PM, AEC, EL, TA, MMa, LTF, TLJ, MMM, CM, TI, etc.

Governmental body which dealt with communications for war and commerce during the Great War and with world trade after the Great War. The storyteller is head of the bureau at the start of Part II. [MMa]

Term for the Kalkar "executioner" during the occupation of Earth; with the loss of knowledge of manufacturing arms and ammunition, the executions were no longer carried out by a firing squad ... the condemned had their throats cut. This was referred as "going to the butcher." Also used uncapitalized with the same meaning. [MMa]

"The pass of the ancients...", successfully held by the Kalkars for one hundred years, which the Wolf and a thousand of his fighting men attack in a diversionary effort to lure the Kalkar warriors in their direction while the Red Hawk strikes with his main force at the enemy’s stronghold. [MMa]

The last and principle camp of the Kalkar invaders in the year 2430 A.D. [MMa]

The deathless Virginian who transport to Mars in 1866 "...as every school child of the twenty-first century knows." He helps make the first communication between Earth and Barsoom possible. (He is the hero of eleven Mars novels by ERB.) [MMa]

Red Hawk describes it as a bench with a high back and arms. (It demonstrates how far Red Hawk’s people are from what we take for granted.) [MMa]

Ancient American battle in which Julian 8th ancestors fought bravely. He recalls this as he is frustrated over his own submission to the Kalkar rule. [MMa]

A teivos, geographical district of the Kalkars. Julian 9th was born in the Chicago teivos. The Kalkars kept many of the Earthly names for their teivos. [MMa]

A title of highest respect among the desert tribes of Julian 20th, inherited from his father, Julian 19th: "I was twenty on that day my father fell before the lance of an Or-tis in the Great Feud and I became the Chief of Chiefs." [MMa]

A Kalkar city in which Julian 5th and Moh-goh, the Laythean Paladar, were held prisoners. [MMa]

Blacksmith who is head of the secret church to which Julian 9th takes Juana St. John. He later performs the illegal marriage ceremony for them. He is the great-grandson of a Methodist minister in this futuristic tale. [MMa]

Neighbor of Julian 9th who "had been sent to the mines for ten years because he had been caught trading at night" during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. [MMa]

A great circular table around which the men of the desert clans of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th gather to eat and talk. [MMa]

A sudden and decisive change in government illegally or by force; Term used by Julian 5th when asking Ko-tah’s spies about the plot against Sagroth. [MMa]

A war chief of the clans of Julian 20th, the Red Hawk. [MMa]

Dead-end; as in the chamber of the Kalkars in the lunar crater followed by Julian 5th and Nah-ee-lah in their search for the city of Laythe. [MMa]

River just west of Oak Park and part of the Chicago teivos of Juana St. John, beloved of Julian 9th. [MMa]

"God and my right," motto of the Divine Right of Kings; message carved above the door to the secret church of Julian 9th, embellished with a carved image of a shepherd’s crook. [MMa]

Captain of the ship that rescues ERB off of the ice flow at the start of The Moon Men. [MMa]

Moh-goh’s name for Julian 5th in the craters of the moon. [MMa]

A weapon invented by the first Orthis on Va-nah. It generates radioactivity at the same vibratory rate of a substance. When it is directed at that same substance, it causes it to dissipate into it’s elemental state -- vanish. (Julian 5th speculates that it turns into ether.) Could be calibrated to any substance even human bones. Range - limited. Orthis used it to defeat the International Peace Fleet and thus conquer Earth. [MMa]

Native inhabitants of the Arctic and part of the polar bear hunting party with ERB at the start of The Moon Men. [MMa]

A forbidden relic, the stars and strips banner of the ancient United States of America, used to rally the troops and the populist during the revolution started by Julian 5th. By Red Hawk’s time, it has become like a deity as they bow down to it. Also referred to as the ‘Flag of Argon.’ (see also Old Glory) [MMa]

-- (see Flag)

one of the few creatures mentioned as being indigenous to Va-nah, the inner moon. The creature has bat like wings, gives plaintive cries, and is poisonous as food. [MMa]

The name of a Kalkar warrior who captures Julian 5th in the lunar caves of Va-nah, the inner moon. [MMa]

The name of the chief of the No-vans, a tribe of the Va-gas (the quadruped creature of the inner moon) by whom Julian and Orthis are captured. [MMa]

Ancient American battle in which Julian 8th ancestors fought bravely. He recalls this as he is frustrated over his own submission to the Kalkar rule. [MMa]

The bloody hostilities between the house of Julian and the house of Orthis (Or-tis) which last "for fifteen generations." [MMa]

Earth war that lasted from 1914-1967 resulting in the United States and Great Britain ruling a peaceful, unarmed world. [MMa]

Death personified, usually as a man holding a scythe; The evening before taking Juana St. John to the secret church, Julian 9th imagines that "... hand in hand we would face the Grim Reaper for the sake of the greatest cause on earth." [MMa]

An unidentified word in the "operatic" language of Va-nah, the inner moon, for which there are 27 possible meanings. Their language is sung to a five-note scale, each pitch carrying a different meaning to the word or syllable intoned. No words are longer than three syllables. [MMa]

Transoceanic liner in the prologue of The Moon Maid where the narrator (ERB) meets Julian 3rd. It travels overnight between Chicago and Paris, cruising at one thousand feet. It’s engines are motivated wirelessly from power plants one thousand miles away. [MMa]

Capitol city of a tribe of red men of Mars, ruled by John Carter and the incomparable Deja Thoris. Earth received it’s first message from Mars on June 10, 1967. It was broadcast from Helium. [MMa]

The packs of wild dogs, that have strains of Collie and Airedale, which roamed freely on Earth under the rule of the Kalkars during the lifetime of Julian 9th. They are cunning and ferocious whose pack mentality makes them a formidable foe. They are also a concern for the people of Red Hawk’s time. (Capitalized in The Moon Men chapter heading, lower case in the text.) [MMa]

Island in the Arctic

;

ERB is polar bear hunting "...some fifty mile southeast of Herschel Island..." at the start of The Moon Men. [MMa]

Tibetan range of mountains which "would seem like foothills by comparison to the titanic mountains surrounding the lunar crater of Laythe." [MMa] Again: [SP] The Himalayas are a great 1500 mile Asian range whose main axis was formed between 25 and 70 million years ago. It contains the world’s highest peak (Mount Everest). Himalaya is a Sanskrit word meaning "Abode of snow." [SP]

Shifty neighbor of Julian 9th who complains of increased cost of coal during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. He is a renegade who curries favor with the oppressors in return for economic security. Julian buys a beautiful bay stallion from him. (see: Red Lightning) [MMa]

Openings in the lunar craters which lead from Va-nah, the inner moon, to the outer lunar world. Means "hole" in the tongue of the Va-gas. [MMa]

Shaggy unspecified breed of pack dogs used by the clans of Red Hawk; used to guard their herds against coyotes, wolves, lions, and hellhounds. They will join other clans hounds in times of great danger, but if one wanders into a neighboring pack, it will be torn to pieces. [MMa]

Name of the Jemadar of Laythe’s personal and palace guards. They are fiercely loyal to the Jemadar. They number "scare a thousand men." [MMa]

Police force which patrolled the Earth after the fifty year Great War. It’s goal was "to prevent the preparation for war." [MMa]

Mate of Julian 8th, and mother of Julian 9th. Marriages became illegal before the 21st century. [MMa]

A Kalkar who is Emperor of the United Teivos of America. He rules from Washington, DC He appoints a new tax collector to the Oak Park ‘teivos,’ and confiscates the St. John house for the headquarters for that area. (ERB lived in three homes in Oak Park before moving to California, and J. Allen St. John of Chicago was the foremost illustrator of ERB first editions... so this story has interesting associations.) [MMa]

Title for "prince" among the lunar races. Julian 5th was known in Laythe as "Ju-lan Javadar." [MMa]

Crew member aboard The Barsoom under the command of Julian 5th. He was an Air School classmate of Lt. West. [MMa]

The term has a number of meanings like: King; Chieftain; Emperor; and ruler of a great city. Used by both the U-gas and the Kalkars. (Analogous to the "Jeddak" of Barsoom.) [MMa]

Title given to Julian 20th, the Red Hawk, when the desert tribes and the coast tribes of the ancestral Americans, the Julians and the Or-tis, join forces against the Kalkars, 2430 A.D. [MMa]

Literally: Emperor of Emperors. Title Orthis bestows upon himself as he attempts to bring Va-nah, the inner moon, under his control. [MMa]

"Empress" in the language of the lunar races. [MMa]

"A long, lanky man who smiled with his mouth; but never with his eyes." He is the farmer-villain who informs against Julian 8th and his family for owning a forbidden relic, the American flag. He also is responsible for turning in Old Samuels for being at the illegal church. He has always desired Julian 9th’s mother, Elizabeth James. Julian 9th eventually kills him. He is a central character to move the plot line forward and create tension. [MMa]

An ancient district abandoned after a plague, through which Julian 9th travels to reach the mines where his father is imprisoned. [MMa] (Site of Illinois penitentiary where Billy Byrne, the Mucker, is sentenced to life imprisonment for a murder he did not commit.) [M]

Controls the laws and courts of the military. Julian 5th hopes that Orthis will be tried before this body, court-martialed, and executed for his sabotage of The Barsoom. [MMa]

Name by which Julian 5th in known in the lunar city of Laythe. The Laytheans pronounce 5th as "fit," and they believe that ‘fit’ is a title. Julian leads them to believe that title is "prince." The Laytheans also call him ‘Ju-lan Javadar’ (q.v..) and ‘Earth Man’ (q.v..) [MMa]

Name by which Julian 5th in known in the lunar city of Laythe. (see: Javadar) [MMa]

Born in 1896; graduated from West Point; married 1916; "... major at 22, was killed in France on Armistice Day." [MMa]

Born in 1917; killed in battle in Turkey in 1938. [MMa]

Born in 1937; killed in the line of duty in 1992; Admiral of the Air and Commander of the International Peace Fleet. He tells the story of Julian 5th in The Moon Maid as if he is Julian 5th. And he tells the story of Julian 9th in The Moon Men as if he is Julian 9th. (Remember -- "there is no such thing as Time." ) [MMa]

Born in 1970; killed in the line of duty with the International Peace Fleet. [MMa]

Born in 2000 A.D.; graduated from the Air School at 16 and assigned to the International Peace Fleet; Captain of the ill-fated The Barsoom and narrator of The Moon Maid. MMa]

Consort of Elizabeth James and father of Julian 9th, hero of Part II of the story. [MMa]

Great-great-grandson of Julian 5th and his wife, Princess Nah-ee-lah of Va-nah; born onJanuary 1, 2100 in the Chicago teivos; starts the revolution to end Kalkar rule; and killed in 2122 by the Kalkar butcher. Narrator of The Moon Men. [MMa]

Ancestor chieftain of Julian 20th "who had driven the Kalkars across the valley below just one hundred years before I was born..." (The western edge of the continental United States is the last stronghold of the Kalkars as the third part of the trilogy opens.) [MMa]

Grandfather of the Red Hawk who "rode alone almost to the sea" in 2408; where he discovered rich lands for his desert people. He died of wounds received from a Kalkar invasion. [MMa]

The Red Hawk, Chief of Chiefs, and leader of fifty clans; hero and the narrator of the last part of the trilogy, The Red Hawk. He ends the rule of the Kalkars and unites the feuding houses of Julian and Or-tis when he marries a true Or-tis, Bethelda. He becomes the first Jemadar of America. [MMa]

Son of Red Hawk and Bethelda, the Or-tis; destined to become the second Jemadar of America and the first to have sprung from the union of the two houses at war for more than 400 years. [MMa]

A lunar race of warriors, primitive in looks and thoughts, at constant war with Laythe, the city of Nah-ee-lah, the Moon Maid. They are governed by the Twentyfour (q.v.) Their name derives from a word meaning "The Thinkers." (This is ironic because they are anything but thinkers.) With the help of Orthis they invade and occupy Earth for nearly 400 years. In Red Hawk’s time they are a half-caste race some almost full-blooded Yank (q.v.) and vary from six to eight feet in height. [MMa]

Roughly analogous to an English Duke. Title of Ko-vo, a commander of the guard among the U-gas of Va-nah. [MMa]

Kalkar police force of the lunar conquerors of Earth, stationed at the Great Lakes near the ruins of Chicago during the time of Julian 9th. It could mean one or ten thousand men. "Kash Guard" became an idiomatic phrase to explain or describe any general condition or situation on Earth. (Analogous to "That’s life.") [MMa]

A lunar year, equal to 272 days of Earth time. (see: ula) [MMa]

Colorado; introduced as an ancient America territory which is mined for metals used in the manufacture of swords, knives, and lance tips by the deserts clans of the Red Hawk. [MMa]

The Americans dwelling in the ancient territory of Kolrado. They visit the clans of Red Hawk, Julian 20th, once every two years to trade metal for implements of war. Their language is slightly different from Red Hawk’s clans. Communication is made through a combination of common sounding words and sign language. [MMa]

A Javadar, prince, of Laythe who aspires to the throne and wishes to marry Nah-ee-lah, beautiful daughter of Sagroth, Jemadar of this lunar city. He has Sagroth assassinated. However, before he can take over the city, he is killed by Julian 5th. [MMa]

A Kamadar, duke, and commander of the guard of Laythe, the crater city of Nah-ee-lah, the Moon Maid. He meets Julian and Moh-goh upon their escape from the Kalkars’ City No. 337 (q.v.) [MMa]

Moon crater alluded to by Julian 5th as The Barsoom passed close to the moon on the way to Mars. (see also: Mare Crisium) [MMa]

City of Va-nah, the inner moon. The U-ga city of Nah-ee-lah, the Moon Maid, ruled by her father Sagroth. [MMa]

Neighbor of Julian 9th who was "taken" by the Kash Guards during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. [MMa]

Name of the old but wise pack leader of Red Hawk’s tribal hounds. Remarkably, he would tell the pack where they were to guard or attack with a series of barks and little human intervention. [MMa]

Latinized name for the "moon." [MMa] (Again: Tarzan and the Valley of Luna was the title for All-Story’s 1920 publication containing chapters 14-24 of the story we know as Tarzan the Untamed. [TU]

Buoyancy element stored in the tanks of The Barsoom on it’s ill-fated voyage in 2026. [MMa]

Powerful Va-gas tribe of quadruped creatures of Va-nah, the inner lunar world. They are defeated by the No-van tribe in a terrific battle. [MMa]

Crater of the moon described by Julian 5th as The Barsoom passed close to the moon on the way to Mars. [MMa]

June 10, 1967; the day on which radio communication was established between Earth and Mars. [MMa]

The honorable ancestor or Mikado of the pygmy race of "Nipons" who live in the canyons above Santa Monica in 2430; The Nipons call him the first Nipon. He is a giant from a island in the middle of the sea. When they die, the Nipons believed they will join Mik-do on that island. The Nipons consider their Mik-do eternal. (This is ERB’s projected image of the West Coast Japanese in a futuristic society.) [MMa]

Kalkar punishment for night trading is to be sent to work in the coal mines south of Joliet. The usual term is ten years for night trading. No one ever returns from the mines. There are many escapes from the poorly guarded mines, but the escapees are always informed upon by the area farmers because the farmers are killed by the Kalkars if the prisoner is not recaptured. [MMa]

Name of the Laythean Paladar, a Count, who is a prisoner of the Kalkars and accompanies Julian 5th in the escape to Laythe. [MMa]

Long-haired goats, Angoras, raised by Julian 8th’s family. [MMa]

Another named used for Nah-ee-lah, daughter of Sagroth, Jemadar of Laythe. She is of the U-ga race. When the Kalkars overrun Laythe she leaves Va-nah for Earth with Julian 5th. Also the title of Part I of the trilogy; also used in reference to all three parts of the trilogy. [MMa]

The Moon Maid, daughter of Sagroth, Jemadar of Laythe, of Va-nah, the inner lunar world. She is of the U-ga race. When the Kalkars overrun Laythe she leaves Va-nah for Earth with Julian 5th. They marry and have a son, Julian 6th. [MMa]

Sister of Julian 20th, the Red Hawk, in 2430. [MMa]

Sister of Julian 20th, the Red Hawk, in 2430. [MMa]

Race of Japanese pygmies encountered by the Red Hawk in the canyons above the Santa Monica coastal regions. "Saku" was their chief. They are free and independent from Kalkar rule. They will fight the Kalkars when necessary but prefer to avoid direct confrontation. The Kalkars pretty much leave them alone. (see also: Saku and Mik-do) [MMa]

"Princess" in the language of the U-gas of Va-nah, land of the inner moon. [MMa]

Seventeen year old ensign aboard The Barsoom under the command of Julian 5th. He graduated top in his class. The knowledge he gained from his association with Orthis allows him to successfully repair The Barsoom so they can return to Earth. [MMa]

A tribe of Va-gas, quadruped creatures of Va-nah, by whom Julian 5th and Orthis are captured. They later also capture Nah-ee-lah, the Moon Maid. The No-vans are ruled by a chieftain named Ga-va-go (q.v.). [MMa]

Part of the Chicago teivos of Juana St. John’s father: "Our house was one of the few that remained from ancient times. It was of solid concrete and stood upon the corner of two roads..." (Note: ERB, along with Ernst Hemingway and Frank Lloyd Wright, were famous Oak Parkers who are currently celebrated in tourist brochures from the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation of Oak Park.) [MMa]

Crater of the moon described by Julian 5th as The Barsoom passed close to the moon on the way to Mars. [MMa]

American warrior of pure blooded descent, who as one of Raban, the giant’s, men. He helps capture the Red Hawk and then helps to free him. [MMa] (Note: This is one of ERB’s variations of Verner’s Law to suit a futuristic society.)

A lunar time period equal to six hours and thirty-two minutes of Earth time. (See: ula) [MMa]

Ruined bridge near the farm of Julian 8th and family; a local landmark of 22nd century Chicago. [MMa]

A forbidden relic of the 22nd century Earth; the American flag of his forefathers, saved by Julian 8th to hand down to his posterity as a means of keeping their racial heritage alive. It had been carried to the Argonne (Flag of Argon) during the Great War. (See also: Flag) [MMa]

Slogan of the prisoners of the Kalkar coal mines after they killed all of the guards. [MMa]

Title of a Christian hymn written by Martin Luther, a 16th monk, whose writings caused a great religious movement called the Reformation, the object of which was to reform the Roman Catholic Church, which led to the establishment of Protestant churches. The song was sung at the illegal church service attended by Julian 5th and Juana St. John. [MMa]

Volcano on the surface of the moon mentioned by Julian 5th when The Barsoom passes close to the surface. Possibly a typo for "Apollonius," greatest of the Greek mathematicians (flourished 247-205 BC) who introduced the standard terms used in modern study of celestial mechanics such as; ellipse and parabola. Apollonius did research in Lunar Theory, and one of the volcanic craters of the moon is named for him. [MMa]

Stone indigenous to the inner moon. Described as a lava glass with which Julian 5th and Nah-ee-lah use to cut a tree and fashion a pole in order to gain entrance to the tunnel that they think leads to Laythe. [MMa]

Air School classmate and rival of Julian 5th; the brilliant villain of The Moon Maid. His descendants are at war with the descendants of Julian for fifteen generations until Julian 20th , the Red Hawk marries Bethelda, an Or-tis descendant. (See also: Or-tis) [MMa]

Lunar name for the arch-fiend Orthis, Jemadar of Jemadars of Va-nah; also the name of his descendants; in the history of Julian 9th, Or-tis appears as a commander of the Kash Guard, Brother General Or-tis. In the Red Hawk’s time the Jemadars are from the house of Or-tis. All the Or-tis families are of pure American blood until a villainous uncle, with Kalkar blood, has the true Or-tis assassinated and becomes a false Or-tis. (see also: Orthis, Lt. Commander) [MMa]

Roughly analogous to "Count"; title of Moh-goh the Laythean. [MMa]

In Greek mythology, a woman given a box by Zeus from which all human ills escaped when she opens it. In

The Moon Maid

Julian 5th describes their close passing of the moon as "a veritable Pandora’s box of thrills..." [MMa]

Kalkar camp near the banks of a once mighty river, on an ancient American site fifty miles west of the battlefield where Julian 20th was captured. (It relates to the Southern California city of Los Angles County, at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains.) [MMa]

A manifestation of divine care or direction; At the start of Julian 5th’s history he states: "But it seems Providence never intended that the world should be without calamities." [MMa] (An observation: In Part I Providence is the only mention of God -- In Part II God is freely mentioned by the pure Americans -- In Part III God seemed to have been replace by the Flag. - DJA)

The name of a "coal baron" in the days of the Kalkar occupation of Earth; he was a Kalkar who marries and mistreats a "renegade Yank" and whose little girl is saved from a mad bull by Julian 9th. [MMa]

Cited as a religious sect of ancient times from which Juana St. John’s parents were descended. (Quakers, of the Religious Society of Friends, originated in the middle of the 17th century under George Fox, who taught that "ministers" were an unnecessary intermediary between the human soul and God.) [MMa]

A nine foot tall Kalkar giant who "rides a great horse and covers himself with iron." He is a great robber and the hereditary enemy of the Nipons. He perpetuates the belief that he is a cannibal. He abducts Bethelda and is killed by Julian 20th, the Red Hawk, in 2430 A.D. [MMa]

Writing in 1919, ERB gives a prediction concerning the development of radar: "About 1940 had come the perfection of an instrument which accurately indicated direction and the distance of the focus of any radioactivity with which it might be attuned." (Observation supplied by Forrest J. Ackerman.) [MMa]

A very rare and precious element that gives off radiations that are useful in medicine and the physical sciences. Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie. Julian 5th describes radium as

lighting the tunnels that lead to the cities inside the craters of Va-nah. (Note: Light probably the same as the light giving off by the old radium watch dials.) [MMa]

Sixteen year old brother of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th, who was courageous but disliked bloodshed: "I consider Rain Cloud braver than I, for I knew that he would do well the thing he hated, while I would be only doing well the thing I loved." His intellectual questioning of commonly held knowledge, like the ‘flat Earth belief’ of the clans, gives hope that mankind will return to the advancement of civilization when the Great Feud is over. [MMa]

A war chief among the clans of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th, in 2430 A.D. [MMa]

War chief of the 25th century A.D. Chief of Chiefs over fifty clans. It is the name of Julian 20th. He wears the single feather of the red-tailed hawk, symbol of his clan. He is born in the year 2414 A.D., tracing his direct line of ancestry back 514 years to Julian 1st, born 1869. The Red Hawk was the original title of Part III of the Moon Maid trilogy. It was first published in All-Story Weekly in three installment, September, 1925. [MMa]

Beautiful bay stallion bought from Hoffmeyer (q.v.) and trained by Julian 9th. When the horse’s reputation as a killer endangers Hoffmeyer’s life, Julian trades one goat for him. The name Red Lightning is perpetuated, and we find Julian 20th, Red Hawk, also riding a bay stallion of this name -- the 30th direct descendant of Julian 9th’s horse. (Note: ERB was a great horse trainer and relates in his unpublished autobiography a similar case in which he conquered a killer-horse with love thus transforming him into the envy of the stables. His fictional heroes frequently catch and tame wild horses, as in the case of "Ace" in Caspak.) [MMa]

The planet Mars also known as Barsoom. [MMa]

A war chief of the clans of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th. Other chiefs included the Wolf, the Coyote, and the Rattlesnake. [MMa]

Ancient American site above Santa Monica Canyon by the Pacific where the Red Hawk, Julian 20th, rides on his bay stallion, Red Lightning, in his escape from the Kalkar Capitol, in 2430 A.D. [MMa]

A five foot long snake with four legs, found on Va-nah, the inner lunar world; it has a flat head with a single eye in the center of it’s forehead. It is poisonous as food. The inhabitants of Va-nah use the term in derision when applied to another human being, much as "jalok" is used in Pellucidar and "calot" on Barsoom. [MMa]

Name of the U-ga chieftain, Jemadar of Laythe, and the father of Nah-ee-lah of Va-nah, the inner world. [MMa]

Name of the Chief of the Nipons, a pygmy race of Japanese ancestry living in the West Coast canyons near Santa Monica, California in 2430 A.D. [MMa]

Location of a tax collection station and market place southwest of the Oak Park teivos (q.v.) into which Juana St. John was born. [MMa]

In Part I, The Moon Maid, they are old retainers who stay with the U-gas even in exile after the Kalkar uprising. In Part III, The Red Hawk, they are so-called by the Kalkars, or what the ancients called "In-juns." Amongst the clans of Red Hawk the slaves, native American Indians, are weavers, potters, and farm workers . One of them predicts to Red Hawk that, like the mountains, they will still be there after all the Yanks and Kalkars are dead and forgotten. [MMa]

Name of the kindly Jewish tanner of the earth commune and neighbor of Juana St. John and Julian 9th. He is tortured to death by the Kalkars for information about the secret church. His death is avenged many time over by his friends during the revolution. Also known as "Old Samuels" or "Samuels the Jew" or simply "Moses" to his friends. [MMa]

Ancient American battle in which Julian 8th ancestors fought bravely. He recalls this as he is frustrated over his own submission to the Kalkar rule. [MMa]

Ancient Pacific site visited by Red Hawk, Julian 20th, in 2430 A.D. during his escape from the Kalkars, invaders

of the Earth. [MMa]

Volcano on the surface of the moon mentioned by Julian 5th when The Barsoom passes close to the surface. Named after Angelo Secchi

,

Italian astronomer (1818-1878), a pioneer in identifying the volcanoes of the moon. [MMa]

Name of Earth government official. At the start of The Moon Men he has just died and the President has asked the storyteller, ERB, to replace him. [MMa]

Earth official of the International Peace Force to whom Julian 5th attempts to report the sabotage of Orthis aboard The Barsoom only to find that Orthis has also sabotaged the radio transmission device. [MMa]

The name of the ‘woman’ (marriages are illegal) of Jim Thompson, best friends and neighbors of Julian 9th family

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She plays the violin at the secret church. [MMa]

Crater of the moon described by Julian 5th as The Barsoom passed close to the moon on the way to Mars. [MMa]

Name of the cowardly Kalkar tax collector of the conquered races of Earth during the time of Julian 9th. He causes Julian to be arrested and brought before Brother General Or-tis. [MMa]

Name of the chosen mate of Julian 9th during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. She survives his death, carrying his child in her womb. [MMa]

Name of the cowardly Kalkar warrior in the service of the giant Raban. He, along with Okonnor, capture the Red Hawk for Raban (q.v.). [MMa]

A geographical district or locale (usually a city) of the Kalkars; Julian 9th relates: "I was born in the teivos of Chicago, January 1st, 2100." A second meaning is the administrative body of The Twentyfour (q.v.). Also used capitalized. [MMa]

Name for the revolutionaries who overthrow the central government of the dominant lunar race of Va-nah and drive the nobility into exile, destroying learning and initiates a dark age of barbarism. The word Kalkar derives from the Luna word for thinkers. [MMa]

Name of a farm neighbor and best friend of Julian 9th and his family. His "woman" is Molly Sheehan -- marriage having been declared illegal by the Kalkar conquerors in the 22nd century A.D. [MMa]

Savage reptilian carnivore of Va-nah with a cat-like face and head; it is about two feet high with sharp curved fangs, four legs, no hair, poisonous talons, and poisonous bite. Bloodthirsty, it will attack anything but mainly feeds upon rympth and flying toads. Also spelled "tor-hos." [MMa]

Governing body of the Kalkars of Va-nah whose jurisdiction was extended to Earth during the lunar conquests. [MMa]

Derivation of The Twentyfour (q.v.); in The Moon Men it becomes a name that stands for power, government, and tyranny. [MMa]

Volcano on the surface of the moon mentioned by Julian 5th when The Barsoom passes close to the surface. Named after Tycho

Brahe, Danish astronomer (1546-1601), who helped identify the craters of the moon. [MMa]

The dominant human race of Va-nah, the lunar inner world. They are mountain dwellers who measure time by the periods of light or dark coming through the Hoos (q.v.). [MMa]

Lunar time period of Va-nah equal to a sidereal month and measured by the period during which the lunar craters (Hoos) are illuminated. Each ula is divided into a hundred sub-divisions called "ola" (which lasts about six hours and thirty-two minutes Earth time). Ten ula constitute a lunar year or "keld" (equal to 272 days of Earth time). [MMa]

Desert race which trades metal goods to the clans of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th. Their metal is used chiefly for the shoeing of horses, since the quality of the metal to the clan’s of Red Hawk is inferior to that of the Kolrados (q.v.). [MMa]

Kalkar term for the United States of America during their occupation. Jarth is the Jemadar, emperor, during the time of Julian 9th. [MMa]

Warlike cannibal race of quadruped creatures on Va-nah, the inner moon; they are a three toed quadruped with no tail or ears and human-like faces. They have been seen "...clearing spaces of one hundred feet in a single bound..." Living on their own in the lowlands they are fierce and nomadic tribes. They use weapons and have a rudimentary social structure. The U-ga and the Kalkars breed them in captivity as fat, content, and stupid livestock. [MMa]

Name for the inner world of the moon used by it’s inhabitants. [MMa]

Celebration of peace by the Anglo-Saxon race, following over fifty years of war beginning 1914 and ending 1967. [MMa]

Name of the villain who tries to steal Julian 9th "hereditary pen" (corral) in the Kalkar market place. He is bodily evicted by Julian. [MMa]

The eighteen year old younger brother of the Red Hawk, Julian 20th, and a valiant warrior among the desert tribes of 2430 A.D. [MMa]

Air School classmate of Lt. Jay and crew member aboard The Barsoom under the command of Julian 5th. [MMa]

United States Military Academy; located at West Point, New York; it is commonly referred to as "West Point". Julian 1st graduated from there as well as numerous important American military leaders dating back to 1802. [MMa]

Sheep -- strictly speaking -- a wether is a male sheep castrated before sexual maturity. Livestock taken to market by Julian 9th in the days of the Kalkar occupation of Earth. [MMa] (Tarzan and his party at Athne are served drugged wether stew for breakfast.) [TMag]

A chieftain of the clans of Red hawk, Julian 20th, described as a "sinewy well built man of fifty, with piercing gray-blue eyes beneath straight brows." Each chief wears the clan’s symbol from their headbands; thus, a wolf’s tail hangs from the headband of the Wolf. He played a key role in the battle of Canjon Pass (q.v.) which is the beginning of the end for Kalkar rule. [MMa]

Dennis Corrigan’s "woman" and member of the illegal underground church of Julian 9th. (Marriage vows have been forbidden by the Kalkar conquerors of the Earth. ERB uses the same formula for his Venus series.) [MMa]

Name of a neighbor of Julian 9th and Juana St. John in the days of the Kalkar oppression. [MMa]

Although the exact derivation of the word is still unknown, the most widely accepted theory is that it comes from the North American Indian word "Yengees" meaning "English". A term of derision applied to the descendants of Julian 5th during the Kalkar occupation of Earth. To be found as a "Yank" by the Kalkars was to be branded a traitor and possession of a Yankee flag was punishable by death. By Red Hawk’s time the term has become meaningless but thought of be a term of honor. [MMa]

Mythological god of the people of Va-nah, the inner moon; considered to be a "great beast" who lives in the depths of lunar craters and when angry, "Makes the air run away and the water to fall," and great balls of fire travel across the land destroying all in their path. He is deification of lunar electrical storms. [MMa]